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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00443_Text_re24at.txt
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1997-02-04
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An Outline of a Theory of
Perception
Knowledge on the part of the
observer that this display can
be perceived as a transparent
rectangle in front of a gray and
black background may play a
role in how it is perceived.
What are the general
characteristics of perception
with which any theory must
deal? An adequate theory must
be able to account for the
achievement of constancy and
veridicality, for preferred
perceptions given an ambiguous
stimulus, for the effect of
context and frame of reference,
for enrichment and completion
effects and for the role of
attention. Each of the
traditional theories deals with
only some of these features. For
example, stimulus theory has
difficulty with the fact that the
stimulus is often ambiguous
and that more than one percept
can arise from it. The necessity
of perceptual organization also
raises grave difficulties for this
approach, as does perceptual
enrichment. Gestalt theory has
difficulty with those cases of
constancy that seem to be based
on an inferential process (the
taking-account explanation),
and it had little to say about
attention.
Moreover, both of these
theories have difficulty with a
very important fact about
perception. Often one
perception seems to depend
upon another. Earlier I
suggested that the
stereokinetic depth effect
occurs if, and only if, the
circles are no longer perceived
to rotateΓÇöΓÇôthat is, they must
first be seen to maintain their
orientation before they appear
to slide around with respect to
one another. If at first the
circles are seen to rotate, the
depth effect will not occur. So
it is not simply the stimulus
transformation that leads to
the depth effect, it is a certain
prior perception that does so.
There are many examples of
this sequence of events, but
this one will suffice. We see,
then, that perception is more
than a direct consequence of a
stimulus and more than a
consequence of the
organization of stimulus
components.